NANCY LUBLIN: I went to see Ibsen’s A Doll’s House at the theater. Tenth row center, sitting to my left: Donald Trump. Sitting to his left: some skinny blond I didn’t recognize. And he’s eating Milk Duds, like shoving them in his mouth, fistfuls at a time. And I look at him and I’m like, “do you need to own the company or are those available in the lobby?” And he says, “Ahaha,” grabs the box from the skinny woman next to him and hands them to me – because I don’t think she’s anything but tofu and water. And, and, so I eat the Milk Duds and we strike up a conversation and he says, “So what do you do?”

REID HOFFMAN: That’s Nancy Lublin. And what does she do? She builds nonprofits the way Donald Trump builds skyscrapers. Her organizations are huge, tremendous, big-league stuff. Believe me.

When Nancy accidentally sat next to Trump in that theater, she had just launched her first non-profit, Dress for Success. The organization started as a clothing drive to help women on welfare dress for job interviews. She collected pantsuits, pearls, pumps. You name it, Nancy had it piling up in her teeny apartment. She figured Trump might have a spare storage room somewhere in his real estate empire. So she started pitching.

LUBLIN: And I talk about Dress for Success and how amazing it is. And he says, “Oh really? Do you enjoy it?” And I was like, “Yes, it’s pretty amazing helping women, like, move from welfare to work.” And he says, “Really, it’s not boring?” And I’m like, “No, it’s not boring.” So I said to him, “So what do you do?” And he says, “No one has ever asked me that before.” And I said, “Well, what do you do? How would you describe it?” And he said, “I guess I’m a builder. I build things.” And I said, “Oh, do you like it?” I mean like I gave it right back to him.

HOFFMAN: They’re off to a rocky start. No matter. Nancy keeps pushing.

LUBLIN: I call a friend and say you got to give me the name of his personal assistant. She says, “It’s Norma Foerderer,” who was famously his assistant for decades. I go to Blockbuster — again this is a long time ago — And I get a giant box of Milk Duds and I get in a cab and I say, “Take me to Trump Tower.”

And I go up in Trump Tower and now I’m on the 26th floor, and I look around it’s all gold and glass and mirrors. Through the gold and glass and mirrors I see the skinny blond from the night before the theater and I waved my arms. She comes over. She’s like, “The woman from the theater. What are you doing here?” And I said, “Look I will give him a box of Milk Duds a week for the rest of his life if you can just find me like 500 square feet of space because everything’s in my apartment.” She says, “He’s broke.” And I look around. I’m like, “I see times are rough.” And I shake her hand I say, “Okay, well thank you so much.”

HOFFMAN: You have to love this about Nancy: She doesn’t give up easily.

LUBLIN: Now again, I’m an entrepreneur. I am bitten by that bug. I don’t give up there. So I’m doing like Fox breakfast TV the next week and I look over at the woman sitting next to me, I recognize her and I say “Are you Liz Smith, the gossip columnist?” She says, “I am.” I say, “You know, I have a story you might be interested in.” And I told the story. And that Sunday she writes it up in The New York Post and it runs in her column nationally and she tells it on TV.

Monday morning I take that New York Post and I go to Trump Tower and I say to security, “Please tell Norma Foerderer that Nancy Lublin is downstairs.” And I go up and Norma Foerderer says, “It’s good to see you. We saw it, he saw it. He thinks it’s very funny, but we have nothing for you.” 

So the ending of the story is I’ve got the most beautiful rejection letter I’ve ever seen in my entire freakin’ life, like on Trump Tower gold embossed letterhead. As I’ve said before to you, I could scrape off that logo and make fillings for everyone I know. The logo is like a quarter of an inch off the page, beautiful, telling me that he had no money and sorry. And sorry, best of luck. I was working on something that P.S. is now in 120 cities around the world, so like it would have been a safe bet to give me five hundred bucks. Instead, I’ve got a story that I tell everywhere.

HOFFMAN: The story isn’t simply that you can’t take “no” for an answer. Anyone can do that. And frankly, if you get too pushy, you’re more likely to get a restraining order than an investor.

The real story is about the power of persistence AND a good Plan B. Or rather, Plans B. Just consider Nancy’s multi-channeled charm offensive. She deploys jokes, multiple boxes of Milk Duds, letters, surprise visits, and a New York gossip columnist. This is what we call grit. And grit is every entrepreneur’s trump card.

[THEME MUSIC]

HOFFMAN: I’m Reid Hoffman, co-founder of LinkedIn, investor at Greylock, and your host. I believe successful entrepreneurs need ideas, money, good timing, and a hefty dose of luck. But none of those matter if you don’t have grit.

Some people mistake grit for sheer persistence. Charging up the same hill, again and again. But that’s not quite what I mean by the word “grit.” The sort of grit you need to scale a business is less reliant on brute force. It’s actually one part determination, one part ingenuity, and one part laziness. Yes, laziness.

You want to conserve your energy. You want to minimize friction and find the most effective, most efficient way forward. You might actually have more grit if you treat your energy as a precious commodity. So forget the tired cliche of running a marathon. You want to be more like Indiana Jones, somersaulting under blades, racing a few steps ahead of a rolling boulder and swinging your whip until you reach your holy grail. 

If you ask me, Nancy Lublin is the entrepreneurial equivalent of Indiana Jones. I wanted to talk to her for this episode because she is a 10 out of 10 when it comes to grit. And she also does her work in the not-for-profit sector, which has even more landmines than the commercial world.  Capital is harder to come by, talent is harder to recruit, and our overall society — at least here in the U.S. — broadly rewards commercial people more than they reward non-profit people.

Before we get to our guests — the entrepreneurs who put the “grr” in the word grit — I’d like to open, a bit uncharacteristically, with a quote from the Bible: “The race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, or bread to the wise, or riches to the discerning, or favor to the skillful; but time and chance happen to them all.”

Time and chance happen to us all — except Nancy Lublin. Time and chance don’t happen to Nancy. Grit happens. And once this quality kicks in, she’s unstoppable. Get her thinking about some social problem, and she gets restless. She can’t tolerate it. Take, for example, her not-for-profit, Dress for Success. You’ll recall, she wanted to help women on welfare enter the workforce in style. Entertainingly, Nancy never cared much for fashion. If anything, she finds it ludicrous.

LUBLIN: My father, growing up, was a lawyer and he used to tell me that when he was hiring secretaries he’d look out the window and watch them go from the car to the building and that he’d know before they reached the building whether or not he’d hire them, which I thought was the worst thing I had ever heard. I was like, “That’s, you just described discrimination to me. That’s horrible.” And he said, “And it’s the truth, so go comb your hair.” 

And so I mean, I just knew that the world works this way, we discriminate based on a first look on everybody. And so that’s where Dress for Success came from. 

HOFFMAN: So Nancy has just identified a huge problem. Employers judge job applicants— especially women — based on their physical appearance. She might have valiantly struggled for fairer hiring practices. But that’s a struggle for activists, the sort of people who can tolerate an incremental battle with history and human nature. 

But Nancy wants a solution now. She can’t change the way bosses think overnight. But she can level the playing field by giving women access to professional clothing. She has an idea. She has $5,000 in seed money from her grandfather’s estate. And she’s about to get her first unlikely collaborators.

LUBLIN: And so I was in law school I went to my law professor and said, “Hey, I have this idea. What do you think?” And he sent me to Sister Mary Nurni in Spanish Harlem. And then she brought in two others. 

HOFFMAN: You may wonder why Nancy’s law professor sent her to see nuns in Spanish Harlem about her idea for a non-profit. Nancy had the same question. 

LUBLIN: When I went to meet them for the first time I fully expected them to meet me in like in habit, with locked arms, singing like the “Sound of Music.” and instead they’re really cool. They’re like kind of like social workers. They’re really cool women. 

The drawback was I took financial advice from them. They told me to put the $5000 into a six month CD in the bank, which meant we started with no money. So like, don’t take financial advice from people who take an oath of poverty is the lesson there.

Whenever I have done a startup, the first thing I actually do is call my family and friends. Because you think “They love me, and I love them.” That doesn’t mean they’re going to love your idea.

And the thing about the nuns is they knew fucktons about moving people from welfare to work. They knew exactly what was going on in New York City and how to make this happen and how to get it started. They were they were actually the exact right people to start this with. 

HOFFMAN: So how did Nancy and three nuns manage to scale this network worldwide? They didn’t have much money, aside from a $5,000 check for Nancy’s great grandfather’s estate. They didn’t have connections to wealthy philanthropists. And they certainly didn’t have staff. 

Their only asset was their knowledge of the welfare system. That system included a vast network of government and private agencies dedicated to helping women. Nancy simply built an organization that could tap into this talent network for free. 

LUBLIN: The challenge originally was we have these people who are moving from welfare to work. How do you get them into the system without passing a judgment on individuals. And then how do we solve our labor problem in the shop? 

So we combined that and what we did was we screened agencies. We would approve domestic violence shelters. We would approve job training programs. We would approve homeless shelters. And then they could send whoever they wanted to the shop. As a barter we required them to send someone to staff the shop one day a month. 

So we got free labor and high quality referrals and didn’t ever have to pass any judgment on the individual. So everybody who came to us was worth dressing because one of our employees essentially had referred them. And by the way, this model of staffing the shop and referring stays today in over 100 locations around the world. 

HOFFMAN: Notice what Nancy did not do: she did not try to build an entire system from scratch by herself, which is a trap many entrepreneurs fall into. She looked around her for other sources of energy. Like a tiny jiu jitsu artist, she redirected the energy of stronger, heavier fighters. And this way, she channels the collective strength of the existing welfare system toward realizing this idea with her.

You can think of this technique as a magnificent shortcut. And it’s the kind of shortcut Nancy finds again and again. She darts ahead. She finds quick, systematic fixes to big gnarly problems. It’s a pattern throughout her story of grit. 

And the same quality that helped Nancy navigate the welfare system, worked just as well as she worked her way through New York’s upper crust of donors.

LUBLIN: So in the early days of Dress for Success we would do these clothing drives so women would give us clothes. So we would do a clothing drive at like Goldman Sachs when they go corporate casual. And so we get beautiful beautiful suits and like the largest suit would be a size 8 – and the average size American is actually 14 and the average size Dress for Success client was a 22. But we always did those suits drives anyway because once you gave us your Armani suits, you gave us money. 

So we would take those suits and we might warehouse them for two years, but we were happy to get those suits from those women at Goldman because then they would write us checks because they felt closeness to us because we had that suit that they like interviewed somebody in or that they you know, like, went on CNBC the first time they were wearing that Armani suit and now we had it. 

And so it was actually kind of a donor mechanism. It was part of the whole cycle of Dress for Success, of kind of wealthy business women connecting with women who are going to go out and land their first jobs. 

HOFFMAN: Notice how she keeps turning problems — in this case, piles of useless clothing —  into solutions: sources of funding. That’s why I call the best entrepreneurs “infinite learners”. The more thorny patches they hit, the more effective they become at hacking their way out. The only problem is that some CEOs — like Nancy — get a bit addicted to problem-solving. If there’s no problem to solve, well, they create some.

LUBLIN: I’m a wartime CEO. Once things get good and it’s peacetime I get bored, and I either want to like do something else wild to it or I’ll fuck it up because I’m like, “No but we can do blah blah blah!” And and so I get bored and I move on. 

HOFFMAN: This is one of the byproducts of grit. It’s a sort of restless energy that eventually compelled Nancy to leave Dress for Success, once it had scaled. 

LUBLIN: Have we talked about Scooby-Doo syndrome? Have I talked about this with you?

HOFFMAN: No. 

LUBLIN: Ok, so you’ve seen “Scooby-Doo”? 

HOFFMAN:  Mmhmm.

LUBLIN: Every “Scooby Doo” episode is the same. There is a church or a movie theater it’s going to be torn down to become a strip mall, ok. And there’s like a zombie or a ghost that’s haunting it. And so Mysterinc Inc. gets called in to find the zombie or ghost. And Shaggy and Scooby are somehow the ones that always find the zombie or ghost – even though Velma knew it the whole time, which is totally weird but whatever. 

And they unmask the zombie or ghost – it’s not a zombie or ghost! It’s like the granddaughter of the founder of the movie theater or like the janitor of the church. It’s the fucking founder, the founder is the zombie or ghost haunting the building it doesn’t want to leave. I had no desire to be a “Scooby Doo” villain, right. So I leave things. I build things and then I move on. I’m not particularly sentimental. 

HOFFMAN: And clearly you watched a lot of “Scooby Doo”.

LUBLIN: I also apparently watched.. I mean, come on, I’m an ‘80s kid. We all watched a lot of that. 

HOFFMAN: So Nancy found a new problem, a nearly bankrupt organization called DoSomething.org. Do Something mobilizes young people to volunteer for worthy causes. Back in 2003, it was nearly defunct.

HOFFMAN: What was the state of Do Something when you arrived?

LUBLIN: Bad. It was on fire. Andrew Shue started it when he was on Melrose Place but then he went off air and had three kids in New Jersey, and Do Something fell on really hard times. 

When I got there they had just laid off 21 out of 22 people. They had lost their office space, and everything was in boxes in storage in Queens. They were $250K in debt and had about $74,000 in the bank. It was totally totally fucked.

HOFFMAN: Nancy was smitten.

LUBLIN: You know what, I thought the name was great. Do Something was great. There was no organization that was cool and fun for young people and it was… there needed to be something that made volunteerism and social change fun and energetic. And so to me it was like a ficus plant, you know, like the leaves fall off all the time. But like if the roots are good you can probably bring them back. And I thought, “This is interesting.”

I had also just turned 30 and I was getting headhunted for a number of very serious roles. But what I realized was that the headhunter was only bringing in me to make the headhunter look good, like, “Here’s one crazy outside the box candidate. Look, we’re bringing you a 30-year-old entrepreneur.” 

No one was taking me seriously, and I wanted to take something that was totally screwed and prove that actually, yeah I’m an entrepreneur and I’m also really smart. I think sometimes entrepreneurs are written off as wacky visionaries. You know, we can be more than that. We are systems thinkers.

HOFFMAN: Before long, Nancy got that ficus plant flourishing. The breakthrough moment? When her team identified a crucial shift in technology that made all the difference in reaching their adolescent audience. If you know a teenager, already know: To get their attention? Text them.

LUBLIN: I think probably the biggest epiphany was the pivot to text. And the best thing that I did was get out of the way. So I was on a conference call and I saw through the glass door people in my office high-fiving each other. And I was like, “What is going on? Why are you all so happy?” 

And it turns out that two like entry level employees had polled 500 defunct users, like people we hadn’t heard from in six months – had probably emailed them 20 times – and pulled their mobile numbers and texted them about a campaign we had done. And in nine minutes, I saw a 20 percent response rate. Holy crap. 

And I was I was smart enough to say, “Let’s do that.” And also I guess I was smart enough to create an environment where entry-level employees felt comfortable experimenting. And like, that’s what you’ve got to do as an entrepreneurial CEO, is get out of the way sometimes. 

And then when you see someone do something really smart: Grab it and elevate it, and be like, “Let’s do that.” And so we pivoted and we became a membership organization and we did everything around text – and grew rapidly, thanks to that.

HOFFMAN: Nancy’s ability to tap EVERY resource around her — including her entry-level employees — is one of her hidden strengths as a scale leader. Under Nancy’s guidance, Do Something adds nearly 5 million teenagers as members. And then she does something truly daring. She hatched an idea for a third not-for-profit called Crisis Text Line. And she goes ahead and launches it, at the same time.

LUBLIN: I don’t recommend having two full time jobs.

HOFFMAN: Notice how Nancy doesn’t relish holding down two impossibly demanding jobs at once. But you have to understand her motivation. When she sees a problem, she wants to solve it fast. The bigger the problem, the gnarlier the solution, the more she wants to solve it.

Her irrepressible urge to launch Crisis Text Line began with a single text from a single teenager.  You see, Do Something sent all of its communications by text message. And their volunteers would respond by text as well. Each campaign would unleash a wave of goodwill and cheer – for the most part. But there were always a few teens who replied to these texts, asking for help.

LUBLIN: But there would be a couple of dozen messages out of flow saying things like, “I’m being bullied.” “My best friend’s addicted to crystal meth.” And we would triage them 

HOFFMAN: One day, Nancy read a text message that she couldn’t stop turning over in her head. It was in response to a Do Something campaign.

LUBLIN: And then we got a message that put me on this other path, that literally said, “He won’t stop raping me. It’s my dad. He told me not to tell anyone.” And then the letters “R U there?”

Can you imagine? You’re the CEO. Someone brings that and puts it on your desk and is like, “I don’t know what to do with this.” It’s like being punched in the stomach. It was so horrific. I couldn’t believe it was happening to a real human and then how bad does it have to be to share that, like to be so alone that you share that with an organization like this? You don’t know where it’s going. And so we built Crisis Text line, really for her.

HOFFMAN: Here we come to the wellspring of grit. You have to have a mission, a calling that’s so powerful, it makes you want to run through a minefield, on a foggy day, with your shoelaces tied together. 

So Nancy envisioned Crisis Text Line as a hotline that would funnel text messages to crisis centers around the country. It would open up a whole new line of communication for teenagers who preferred the convenience and anonymity of writing from their phones. 

Nancy figured she could earmark some portion of Do Something’s budget for the cause. They were averaging $6 million a year in corporate sponsorships. 

LUBLIN: I went to the board – I went to you guys – I went to the board and said, “I want to do this.” And you guys, I think rightly said, brand confusion with Do Something. Do Something is hopeful, happy volunteerism. Crisis Text Line is a different thing. Like, we’ll give it our blessing, but you’ve got to do it on the side. 

And so I did it at the same time for a long time. It was harder than I thought it was going to be. And it was maybe harder than it should have been. The truth is it took me two years to secure the funding to do it. 

And I would dial for dollars. And I found one a friend that was like, “You’ll come into my office every week for an hour and go through my Rolodex.” And on the third week, I spoke to someone and in five minutes I described it, and he said, “Stop, stop, stop. I’m going to give you $50,000, because someone needs to give you money to see if this will go anywhere. And I might never see you again but it’s worth putting this money down. And I want it to be anonymous.” 

So I referred to him for a long time as Mr. X. He’s now fine being known. It’s actually, it’s Peter Bloom, who is the board chair of DonorsChoose, who has done this. He has made bets on people like that, not expecting any return these early bets on social change ideas. That’s awesome. 

And with that money it became real. I had to really do it. I hired our CTO and our Chief Data scientist, even though I only had $50K, so that wasn’t going to keep them very long. And so then it meant, shit, I really had to find the rest of the money and make this happen. 

HOFFMAN: So Nancy, once again, was scaling on a shoestring budget. She figured Crisis Text Line could piggyback on a patchwork of crisis hotlines across the country. She would supply the text messages, the counselors would supply the 24-hour support. 

It was shaping up to be another one of her clever jiu-jitsu moves, until Nancy found she was channeling their energy to the wrong teens. Crisis counselors tend to specialize in specific issues, like suicide or sexual abuse or eating disorders. And this led some counselors to write some rather awkward scripted responses.

LUBLIN: We originally built this thinking we would just be the pipes, we would be the technology, and we would farm this out to other crisis centers to do the counseling. And we kept growing – like fast, fast, fast – and we went from 3 to 1,  in like six months, crisis centers. 

And what we noticed was that they were incredibly diverse. One crisis center would ask every single texter, “Are you feeling suicidal today?” “No. I have a calculus final this afternoon. Should I be feeling suicidal?” Like the quality was all over the place, wasn’t great. 

So we culled best practices from the platform and said, “Well what if we trained our own people based on what we’re seeing?” And so we trained this magic 12 cohort and quickly saw that they outperformed on every KPI and pivoted. So we dumped all of the crisis centers  – who we were paying, so we saved that money – moved instead to a volunteer model, and basically became a marketplace.

HOFFMAN: Nancy has made a hugely risky decision, here. She’s scrambling for funding. She’s just jettisoned her partnerships with the experienced counselors who were supposed to help her scale. And if she has any chance of keeping her idea afloat, she has to now train an army of novices in the art of texting with distressed teens. 

Nancy has a gift for bringing other people along on her hero’s journey. She uses her own grit to embolden and inspire other people to join her – and even do it for free. In fact, the greatest shortcut Nancy has ever found — the one she turns to again and again in her story of grit — is the almost bottomless well of human industriousness. What Nancy understands so well is that people love to help. Sometimes all you need to do is ask them. 

Nancy is so confident volunteers will answer her call, that she envisions a marketplace for crisis hotline volunteers — much in the way Uber built a marketplace for drivers or Airbnb built a marketplace for home rentals. But how on earth does she match supply and demand? She can’t offer surge pricing to volunteers during a spike in teenage need. She can’t offer any pricing at all. What she needs is a surge of good will. 

It’s a bold vision. And there are a handful of other scale leaders who will tell you that this works.

GREG BALDWIN: I think as a rule we tend to underestimate people’s hunger and desire to be helpful.

HOFFMAN: That’s Greg Baldwin, president of VolunteerMatch. Their website matches millions of volunteers with more than 100,000 organizations that need their help. The most scalable non-profits, he says, start with a plea for help that’s ambitious — verging on the unreasonable.

BALDWIN: When you know when Habitat for Humanity got started how unreasonable is it to think that you can invite millions of people to help build homes for other people. It’s a crazy idea when you think about it. But it took somebody to ask to see how powerful that ask is to bring people into doing something that they think is important. 

Crisis Text Line is another amazing example of that. It’s so unreasonable to think that people would willingly take time out of their busy lives to be on their cell phone, texting with kids in crisis. It just, it almost doesn’t make sense why someone would do that. 

And certainly you can imagine being reluctant to ask somebody to do that. But what we find so often is it’s in those big bold asks, those unreasonable asks, that some of the most amazing things happen.

HOFFMAN: For this episode, we did a flash poll of the VolunteerMatch community, the managers at non-profits who are on the front lines of these crazy requests. We wanted to know just how hard they’ll push their volunteers. And how far was too far? 

So we asked, “Have you ever heard a volunteer say, ‘You’re asking too much of me?’” More than 400 volunteer managers responded. And statistically speaking, it was a resounding “No.”

BALDWIN: Only 11 percent of Volunteer managers have ever heard that, which is fascinating. 

HOFFMAN: And then we asked whether they thought they could ask MORE of their volunteers.

BALDWIN: And 70 percent of the users said, “Yes.” So the real question is: What’s keeping people from making these requests that are you know, somewhat outside the norm?

HOFFMAN: It’s a good question. And John Lilly, the former CEO of Mozilla, has a theory. Mozilla is an open-source web browser powered almost entirely by volunteers. They do everything from coding to marketing to translation — and John actually believes these volunteers, working for free, can run circles around paid professionals. You just have to know how to work on a sliding scale.

JOHN LILLY: There are ways for people to contribute an hour a week, to 40 hours a week, or 80 hours a week. And it kind of scales up and down, which most organizations don’t know how to do. They know how to have you be an employee or not, so it’s sort of binary. Open source, the successful ones, figure out a way to be on a spectrum.

There’s a guy I remember from Ulan Bator, who translated for Firefox into Mongolian. And for him, he did it because if he hadn’t done that his parents wouldn’t – who only spoke Mongolian – wouldn’t have been able to understand software to access the internet. 

And so for these people they do it as a labor of love. And you know, you’ll know this, the root of the word “amateur” is “amo”, which means “I love”. And I think that amateurs and volunteers, in many ways, are more powerful than professionals because they do it for non-monetary… They do it despite all the challenges and all the hard parts. 

HOFFMAN: And Nancy is an expert at whipping up that inner “ama”, that inner love. She starts from the premise that she’s not unique in caring. Plenty of other people could care as much as her. She just has to find them. And sell them on her cause.

And if you want to know what true grit sounds like, just listen to her multifaceted approach to recruitment. She sounds a bit like a gold prospector who knows exactly where to pan along the river.

LUBLIN: So, recruitment, sure. Zeroing in on like who are our best crisis counselors and figuring that out was key and now finding more of them. Turns out that it shifts. Like post-election, sad liberals are great. We’re loving sad liberals. People really want to feel like they’re they’re having an impact on something and what’s better than talking to another stranger in the most dire moments of their life. It’s a real impact. 

Moms of a certain age, love them. Deaf and hard of hearing, phenomenal. Most organizations don’t know what to do with them. Hard to volunteer if you’re deaf or hard of hearing. We love you. Veterans. I love veterans, especially when the heat is on and we’re spiking. The veterans are like “We got this. We can do it. Let’s go.” 

HOFFMAN: This swell of of volunteers allowed Crisis Text Line to scale quickly and meet the growing — and spiking — demand.

LUBLIN: We’ve done zero marketing. We’ve done over 700,000 conversations since launching. That works out to be close to 30 million messages exchanged. 

HOFFMAN: But those 30 million messages didn’t arrive in a steady stream. They would spike and dip, regardless of how many counselors were available at the time. So she started triaging the messages through a combination of grunt work and big data. 

They had to identify the key words and phrases that teenagers use in times of distress, and then rank those words on a scale from “worrying” to “let’s call 911, immediately.” 

And when you listen to Nancy talk about it, you’ll hear what grit sounds like in the digital age. Leaders with grit are relentless inventive, using every possible tool to accomplish their goals. They joyfully solve problems in ways that no one ever thought of before. As Nancy describes the algorithm they built to better understand text messages and how it helped them better serve teenagers in crisis, you’ll hear the raw thrill of discovery in her voice. 

True grit is relentless forward moving. 

LUBLIN: So we originally put into the algorithm words like “die,” “suicide”, and “overdose.” And if you text in those words, you’re number one in the queue. And then we added a machine learning layer, what are the words people use in a high risk case?

And it turns out that there are thousands of them that are more high risk than “suicide”. Apparently it’s 16 times more likely to end up in us calling 911 than the word “suicide” – which I know I’ve already quizzed you on this one so you know but whatever, listeners can guess – but it’s actually, it’s Ibuprofen, aspirin, Tylenol, Advil. It’s the most common drug in your house. So you not only have the idea and the plan, but you’ve the means and the timing because it’s right in your medicine cabinet. So those words. 

And the unhappy face crying emoji is four times more powerful, four times more likely for us to end up calling 911 than the word suicide. The hashtag, KMS. Any idea what that stands for? Neither did we. The algorithms discovered that’s “kill myself”. This is a perfect example of science, of data, of technology making an organization faster and more accurate. 

HOFFMAN: Before long her team was equipped to handle huge influxes of messages. Soon she was detecting waves of anxiety rolling across middle schools nationwide. The data was unprecedented in its scope and timeliness.

LUBLIN: Oh gosh. So the hard thing about marketplaces. So you don’t control supply and you don’t control demand. Every once in awhile there’ll be an unpredictable event. Now if I ran Lyft, I can put surge pricing in place and so you can handle that. So unpredictable events for Crisis Text Line are things like Zayn leaving One Direction. And we had just tons of people texting in with serious anxiety. 

HOFFMAN: For those listeners who haven’t heard of Zayn or One Direction, I’ll translate it into old fogie terms: Zayn would be Zayn Malik, a British singer for the boy band One Direction. And when he left the band, it was a bit like Justin Timberlake leaving ‘NSync or John Lennon leaving the Beatles.

LUBLIN: I mean the hashtag “cut for Zayn,” trended worldwide for almost three days when Zayn left One Direction. These are girls cutting real skin hoping that he would see this and rejoin One Direction. And that sent real traffic to us. 

HOFFMAN: And how do you build the capacity for that? How do you build the response?

LUBLIN: Again as a marketplace. 

HOFFMAN: And also, what’s the size of the volunteer number? 

LUBLIN: Yeah. That’s over 3,000. And they take a lot of time and caring and love and they are who we are. And can you imagine? They do it all for free, like they’re giving us time at two o’clock in the morning. They’re incredible, incredible people. 

HOFFMAN: “They are who we are.” That one sentence sums up the approach to scale that Nancy has taken throughout her career. She identifies the people and organizations who can take her idea forward, and she makes them her own. There’s a lot to be said about sticking with a vision, and adapting it through the  years — weathering the rise and fall of luck.

But I don’t want to overstate the power of grit. Ultimately your plans are subject to luck. You may be thinking, “I thought grit was my superpower, my ability to overcome time and chance.” It’s a little more nuanced than that. I like the way Sam Altman, president of the Silicon Valley’s most successful accelerator, Y Combinator, unpacks this problem.

SAM ALTMAN: The way I have always tried to think about it for myself is that luck is a big factor, but I’m going to keep working and eventually you know, because it’s a random variable it’s going to swing my way. I think that’s roughly the right mindset to have. If you don’t acknowledge the role of luck at all like, I think you’re wrong in a dangerous way where you sort of just are not a great human. And if you can’t look at it and say, ”I got really lucky at some points,” – that’s probably bad. 

But if you’re also like, “Well, it’s all about luck and you know, I have no chance. The world is against me and I’m just going to sit here and complain,” that’s not going to work either. So I think the roughly correct mindset is luck is important. But I’m eventually going to get lucky and I’m going to just work really hard until I do 

HOFFMAN: That may be the one of the better definitions of optimism that actually I think I’ve heard.

HOFFMAN: I’m Reid Hoffman. Thank you for listening.